Quote from: P.I. on August 18, 2026, 09:35:15 PM

Quote from: steve on August 18, 2026, 08:25:32 PM

Quote from: Nick B on August 17, 2026, 09:01:06 PM

Quote from: steve on August 17, 2026, 03:35:32 PM

Quote from: Nick B on August 17, 2026, 02:01:12 PM

Quote from: steve on August 17, 2026, 09:09:27 AM

Quote from: Nick B on July 15, 2026, 09:05:27 PM

Quote from: steve on July 15, 2026, 03:57:38 PMOne other point that needs mentioning is the use of UL mode.
UL operation can be used in both A, A2, AB1, AB2, and B. I have
never seen UL used in Class C as distortion is extremely high,
thus not necessary.

Output power of UL operation is similar to Pentode/Tetrode mode,
which is very generally around twice the output power of Triode mode.

Frequency response is different from triode mode (which is also different
than both Pentode/Tetrode mode) as the screen of the tube is connected
to a portion of the output transformer primary, so some negative feedback
etc. As a result, the damping factor is increased a little.

Cheers

steve

Hi Steve,

I have only owned a couple of tube amps and I can only recall for sure that my VAC 90 monos allowed the option to switch to UL. That was so long ago and my system was so simple without using any products to control noise, that I don't recall if I preferred one or the other.

Nick

I think most prefer triode mode over UL. UL does fill in the lower midrange/upper bass
vs triode and controls the highs more, appearing as less. If too much lower
midrange/upper bass, one can use a smaller speaker cable.

I use 11 wires in parallel in each leg, so it is simple for me to remove just one
wire to thin the lower midrange just a little for more like triode mode.

The highs are a different story in that fewer parallel speaker wires will mean a
little higher inductive reactance in the highs, thus reducing the highs.
Of course, with a single, large speaker wire, adjustment is prevented.

cheers

steve

Hi Steve,

Quite interesting that you use 11 wires in parallel and that you can fine tune the sound by easily disconnecting one or more of the wires.

Nick

Yes. Anyone with multiple parallel speaker wires can test and find out if more
or fewer wires gives optimal reproduction.

The impedance is minimum near lower midrange/upper bass. A change in dc resistance
will affect this band more than higher frequencies on that particular driver. Kinda
changes the slope of the frequency response.

If one uses a 3 way speaker, two crossovers, there could be another range of
frequencies at the 2nd crossover where an impedance dip occurs, where the sound
will also be affected more than other higher frequencies.

I use a two way, so basically at just the one crossover is where the majority
of sonic change occurs.

Cheers

steve

Thanks for that, Steve. Not easy designing quality equipment. I currently have a 2 way, the JMR Voce Rande, and it's probably the best speaker I've ever owned. The only 3 way I ever owned was the Shahinian Diapason. A classic speaker from many years ago. My next speaker might be a 3 way.
Nick

Got to thinking and anyone could perform an experiment with their single red and black
speaker wire by paralleling a wire across the red and the black speaker wire.
That would basically halve the inductive reactance of the speaker wire.

Can't hurt anything performing such. 

steve

Been there.  Done that.

And others? Please feel free to experiment. Most are using one wire for each speaker leg. Adding
another to each leg should be perceivable. If the sound is better, try adding another and another until
the sound starts becoming worse, then back off. The hardware store has solid wire, maybe stranded
wire that will work.

If adding a parallel wire to your speaker wires sounds worse, completely disconnect and try a
smaller speaker wire to start and see if the sound is better. (Hardware store wire slightly smaller.)
See/saw back and forth, don't be afraid as long as you don't short the wires together.

I use 11 wires (18 gauge each) in parallel each speaker leg, and adding or subtracting
1 wire makes a sonic difference. You might try parallel 16 gauge or even 14 gauge wires.

There will be a proper number, whichever gauge, that
optimizes the realism of your particular system.

cheers
steve

This selection is so good that I am so tempted to call it perfect,
except the recording is probably done by solid state, so could be
even more accurate/musical.

The tonal balance, purity, sound stage, ambience, dynamics, inner detail
etc are so good from lows through the highs.
The only parameters missing are the extreme highs.
Any playback problems occurring will not be from this recording.
This recording is a true reference, The Voice.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kjapoz_On78

Found another from her, not quite as good, from BGT.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3ZSgdszMDM&t=221s

cheers
steve

Quote from: Nick B on August 17, 2026, 01:55:29 PM

Quote from: Nick B on April 25, 2024, 08:32:22 PM

Quote from: steve on April 25, 2024, 05:03:08 PM

Quote from: Nick B on April 21, 2024, 08:18:16 AMWas it The Fastest Guitar Alive  in 1967? Just did a search asking if he was ever in movies, and then specifically a western.

People also ask
Did Roy Orbison ever appear in a western?
About
4.3/10
IMDb
7%
Rotten Tomatoes
66% liked this movie
Google users
Director: Mickey Moore
Art directors: George Davis, Merrill Pye
Cinematography: W. Wallace Kelley
Distributed by: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Editor: Ben Lewis

https://youtu.be/J9HW4KozIk0?si=NIz98ZPIx4gA3XR1

https://youtu.be/cK9JwuqZXWM?si=iuJZGfpIz9moU_n7

Nice work Nick! Roy sure had a voice.

steve

Sure, Steve. Glad I was able to track it down. Yes, I sure enjoyed listening to him 🎵

Quote from: steve on August 17, 2026, 09:25:58 AM

Quote from: Nick B on August 13, 2026, 10:26:58 AM

Quote from: steve on August 13, 2026, 07:42:23 AMI found out that when opening for the Beatles for the first time.

"Roy Orbison opened for The Beatles on their first UK tour in May 1963 and reportedly played through 14 encores before the Beatles even took the stage Far Out Magazine+2.

On the opening night in Slough, Buckinghamshire, Orbison performed a set that included hits like Only the Lonely, Candy Man, What'd I Say, Running Scared, and Dream Baby, closing with his new song In Dreams. The audience was so captivated that they kept calling him back for multiple encores. He was about to attempt a 15th when John Lennon and Paul McCartney physically held him back so they could finally perform American Songwriter.

This moment became one of the most talked‑about incidents of the tour, with fans chanting "We Want Roy!" and the Beatles having to intervene to stop him from returning to the stage Reddit. "

Another comment attributed to Elvis; that Elvis respected Roy so highly,
that he would never wish Roy to open before him.

Cheers
steve

Hi Steve,

I enjoy his music. Wasn't aware he died at age 52 because of a heart attack. Interesting story about the sunglasses. On a trip to the UK, he left his glasses on the plane. So he used his prescription sunglasses when he performed and kept doing it thereafter.

Hope all is well back east. Any projects going on?

Nick

Nice info Nick.

Just tinkering with inexpensive room treatments, pillows, and crossovr board.
Moving a wire/soldering connection on the board 1/8" makes a sonic difference.
The Mimir is blowing me away, so just tinkering with the speakers.

Last tues, had another 2+ hour outpatient procedure to remove the rest of my
3 cm kidney stone. Stent coming out soon. Otherwise all is going better with
once a week physical therapy. Thanks for asking.

cheers
steve

Hi Steve,

Tinkering is fun and especially good when it's free or inexpensive. Schiit makes some nice, budget friendly products. I've not owned any of their stuff, but I have purchased a few few items from iFi and they are good quality and very good bang for the buck.

Glad your physical situation is stable and improving.

Nick

Please don't sell Schiit Mimir dac short. Granted I upgraded the
Mimir with better audio capacitors (analog) and
copper output jacks and I cannot believe the sound quality.
(I use the power transformer, not usb)

I have auditioned the Chord Dave (also with reclocker), Cutest, Denafrips,
Eversolo, and a few other high quality dacs. The Mimir tonal balance, purity,
sound stage, ambience, dynamics, inner detail and every other parameter is
second to none.

Here is a selection that is so close to perfect, no masking, to test one's
system, that I am having trouble not calling the recording perfect.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kjapoz_On78

cheers
steve

<p>888sport Espana es una casa de apuestas deportivas que opera legalmente en el mercado espanol. El servicio ofrece su seccion deportiva en el sitio oficial 888sport.es y pertenece a la sociedad 888 Online Games Espana, S.A.. El operador desarrolla su actividad dentro del sistema regulado de juego online espanol: 888sport.es figura expresamente entre los dominios autorizados por la Direccion General de Ordenacion del Juego.</p>
 
<p>La autorizacion de 888sport no se limita a una referencia comercial en su propia pagina. La Direccion General de Ordenacion del Juego identifica a 888 Online Games Espana, S.A. como operador vigente y recoge autorizaciones generales en las categorias de Apuestas y Otros Juegos. Entre sus licencias singulares aparece especificamente Apuestas Deportivas de Contrapartida, ademas de otras modalidades asociadas al ecosistema 888.</p>
 
<h2>Que ofrece 888sport</h2>
 
<p>La parte central de 888sport es su sportsbook. El usuario puede buscar competiciones, comparar mercados y preparar sus apuestas desde el cupon. La interfaz distingue entre pronosticos simples y diferentes formatos de apuestas combinadas, mientras que la disponibilidad exacta de cada mercado depende del partido o competicion seleccionados.</p>
 
<p>Aunque el futbol ocupa una posicion destacada, el catalogo deportivo de 888sport es considerablemente mas amplio. En el menu oficial aparecen actualmente categorias como futbol, baloncesto, tenis, balonmano, boxeo, badminton, beisbol y ciclismo. Tambien se incluyen carreras de galgos y otros mercados cuya disponibilidad puede variar segun la oferta activa de cada jornada.</p>
 
<h2>Mercados de futbol disponibles en 888sport</h2>
 
<p>La seccion de futbol reune una parte considerable de la oferta de apuestas de 888sport. El sitio publica mercados relacionados con ligas nacionales, competiciones europeas y otros torneos de clubes y selecciones. Ademas de apostar sobre partidos que todavia no han comenzado, determinados eventos admiten mercados live cuyo precio cambia durante el desarrollo del partido.</p>
 
<p>El abanico de apuestas no termina en el clasico 1X2. La oferta concreta cambia de un partido a otro, por lo que las cuotas y mercados visibles en el momento de realizar la apuesta son los que deben tomarse como referencia. Esto es especialmente importante en apuestas relacionadas con jugadores, goles, estadisticas del partido o combinaciones de varios resultados.</p>
 
<h2>Como funciona Super Suplente en 888sport</h2>
 
<p>Una de las mecanicas particulares publicadas actualmente por 888sport es la funcion denominada Super Suplente. Cuando esta marcada como disponible en un mercado compatible, la apuesta sobre el jugador original puede mantenerse activa a traves de su sustituto. La plataforma mantiene la cuota original de la seleccion y liquida el mercado aplicando las reglas publicadas para esta funcion.</p>
 
<p>No basta con apostar a cualquier jugador para beneficiarse de esta regla. 888sport indica su disponibilidad mediante una marca visible en los mercados compatibles. Entre los mercados contemplados figuran primer goleador, goleador en cualquier momento y ultimo goleador. La regulacion publicada tambien contempla competiciones como LaLiga, Premier League, Serie A y Bundesliga, ademas de otros encuentros que pueden ser senalados individualmente como compatibles.</p>
 
<h2>Como funcionan las apuestas live</h2>
 
<p>Otra seccion relevante es En Vivo. Desde esta area es posible localizar eventos que ya han comenzado y siguen aceptando apuestas. Las cuotas no permanecen necesariamente constantes durante una apuesta live, por lo que el valor mostrado al principio de un partido no tiene por que coincidir con el disponible posteriormente.</p>
 
<p>Esta modalidad aparece en diferentes deportes. La propia plataforma menciona, entre otros ejemplos, futbol, tenis, Formula 1, ciclismo y NFL. La cantidad de opciones en directo puede variar notablemente entre competiciones.</p>
 
<h2>Bono para nuevos usuarios de 888sport</h2>
 
<p>La promocion de registro vigente publicada por 888sport incluye una parte automatica tras el alta y otra relacionada con la primera apuesta. Segun las condiciones oficiales aplicables a usuarios registrados desde el 3 de noviembre de 2025, un nuevo usuario puede recibir dos apuestas gratis de 5 €, por un total de 10 €. Estas apuestas gratuitas deben reclamarse dentro de un plazo de cuatro dias y caducan cuatro dias despues de ser reclamadas.</p>
 
<p>La oferta incorpora tambien una proteccion promocional para la primera apuesta. Si la primera apuesta de dinero real resulta perdedora, 888sport anuncia la devolucion promocional de la cantidad apostada, con un limite de 100 €, mediante una free bet. Puede tratarse de una apuesta sencilla o combinada, prepartido o en vivo.</p>
 
<p>El funcionamiento del bono incluye restricciones que no conviene pasar por alto. El importe originalmente utilizado en una apuesta gratis queda excluido de las ganancias pagadas. Ademas, una apuesta gratis debe utilizarse integramente y no puede dividirse, no puede mezclarse con dinero real y no admite cash-out. Para los 10 € concedidos tras el registro, 888sport establece ademas un limite maximo de cuota 5,0.</p>
 
<p>Una oferta visible hoy puede cambiar en el futuro. Por ese motivo, antes de registrarse conviene comprobar la pagina oficial de promociones. Las promociones pueden ser sustituidas, suspendidas o actualizadas por el operador conforme a sus condiciones.</p>
 
<h2>Como ingresar dinero en 888sport</h2>
 
<p>La plataforma ofrece varias alternativas para anadir saldo. En la tabla oficial de limites aparecen actualmente tarjetas Visa y MasterCard, ApplePay, Skrill, NETELLER, PayPal, Paysafecard y Bizum. Para todos esos metodos, la pagina oficial de limites de deposito indica actualmente una cantidad minima de ingreso de 10 euros.</p>
 
<p>Conviene distinguir entre sistemas de deposito y metodos habilitados para retiros. Por ejemplo, la pagina bancaria de 888sport clasifica Bizum y Paysafecard como opciones que permiten ingresar pero no recibir directamente los retiros. La transferencia electronica, por su parte, aparece como un metodo destinado al pago de ganancias.</p>
 
<h2>Retiros de dinero en 888sport</h2>
 
<p>888sport aplica una politica de pagos relacionada con el historial previo de depositos. En terminos generales, si es posible, el operador devuelve fondos mediante los metodos que mantienen un balance de transaccion positivo. Esto puede afectar a tarjetas y monederos electronicos.</p>
 
<p>La cantidad minima depende del metodo elegido. Segun la politica actual, el umbral publicado es de 14 € para transferencia y de 4 € para Skrill, NETELLER, PayPal y tarjetas de credito o debito. Ademas, el operador puede solicitar documentacion adicional para comprobar los datos de registro o los metodos de ingreso.</p>
 
<p>Los tiempos orientativos de retirada varian segun el canal elegido. La tabla de 888sport indica entre el mismo dia y tres dias laborables para tarjetas Visa y MasterCard, el mismo dia para PayPal, Skrill y Apple Pay, del mismo dia a tres dias habiles para NETELLER y un plazo de dos a cinco dias laborables para la transferencia electronica. El propio operador advierte de que la entidad financiera todavia puede tardar mas en acreditar definitivamente los fondos.</p>
 
<h2>888sport desde el movil</h2>
 
<p>Las apuestas no estan limitadas al navegador de escritorio. El operador mantiene una experiencia web adaptada y aplicaciones para dispositivos moviles. Desde el movil es posible entrar en las principales secciones deportivas sin depender de un ordenador.</p>
 
<p>La cuenta utilizada es la misma dentro del ecosistema del operador. 888sport tambien forma parte del grupo de servicios espanoles de 888 junto con las plataformas de casino y poker. Los tres dominios, junto con 888.es, aparecen relacionados con 888 Online Games Espana, S.A. en el registro oficial de la DGOJ.</p>
 
<h2>Quien esta detras de 888sport.es</h2>
 
<p>Los datos legales de la plataforma pueden comprobarse publicamente. La sociedad responsable es 888 Online Games Espana, S.A., inscrita en la ciudad autonoma de Ceuta, con domicilio social indicado por el operador en Calle Millan Astray 1, 51001, Ceuta. La compania senala ademas que es parte del grupo empresarial encabezado por evoke Plc.</p>
 
<p>El registro regulatorio recoge informacion adicional sobre sus autorizaciones. Entre otras actuaciones, en abril de 2024 se prorrogo la vigencia de su licencia singular de apuestas deportivas de contrapartida, y el 19/06/2024 se publico una resolucion de homologacion del sistema tecnico correspondiente a dicha licencia. Esto permite distinguir a 888sport.es de paginas que simplemente utilizan una marca similar sin autorizacion espanola.</p>
 
<h2>Experiencia de apuestas y cupon</h2>
 
<p>En una apuesta simple solo interviene una seleccion. En cambio, una combinada agrupa varios pronosticos en el mismo boleto. La plataforma muestra ademas diferentes combinaciones y sistemas y menciona ejemplos como sistemas con varias apuestas independientes agrupadas dentro de una misma estructura. El riesgo y el posible retorno dependen de la estructura concreta del boleto.</p>
 
<p>Una cuota no representa una garantia de que vaya a producirse un resultado. El resultado de un evento deportivo puede hacer que se pierda la totalidad de la cantidad apostada. Por eso, conviene revisar la descripcion y las reglas de liquidacion antes de confirmar una apuesta.</p>
 
<h2>Apuestas a deportes electronicos</h2>
 
<p>888sport dispone de una categoria especifica de eSports. Entre los contenidos publicados por la propia plataforma se encuentran apuestas de League of Legends, con posibilidades tanto previas como live en eventos compatibles. En LoL pueden aparecer conceptos como mercados sobre el resultado de mapas concretos, aunque no todas las partidas presentan necesariamente las mismas alternativas.</p>
 
<h2>Que distingue a 888sport.es</h2>
 
<p>El punto de partida mas importante es su condicion de operador regulado por la DGOJ. A esto se suma una oferta que combina deportes tradicionales y eSports, apuestas prepartido y en directo, compatibilidad con ordenadores y dispositivos moviles, diferentes metodos de pago y ofertas cuyo funcionamiento esta regulado por terminos publicados por el operador.</p>
 
<p>Como en cualquier plataforma de apuestas, hay detalles que conviene comprobar antes de utilizar dinero real. Las apuestas gratis estan sujetas a reglas especificas, Bizum y Paysafecard no figuran como metodos capaces de recibir pagos en la tabla correspondiente, los retiros pueden requerir verificacion documental y una transferencia bancaria puede tardar mas que determinados monederos electronicos. Leer estas condiciones antes de ingresar evita asumir que todos los sistemas bancarios funcionan exactamente igual.</p>
 
<h2>Juego responsable en 888sport</h2>
 
<p>888sport esta destinado exclusivamente a mayores de 18 anos. La propia oferta de bienvenida muestra expresamente la indicacion para mayores de 18 anos y el sitio incorpora una seccion de juego responsable. Ademas, las condiciones promocionales indican que la concesion de determinadas promociones esta vinculada tambien a las medidas de juego responsable del operador.</p>
 
<p>Ninguna cuota ni estrategia elimina el riesgo asociado al juego. Utilizar unicamente dinero que pueda asumirse como perdido ayuda a mantener el juego dentro de limites razonables. La existencia de estadisticas, pronosticos, cuotas o mercados en directo no convierte el resultado futuro de un evento en seguro.</p>
 
<h2>Opinion final sobre 888sport.es</h2>
 
<p>888sport.es es una casa de apuestas deportiva plenamente integrada en el mercado regulado espanol. Su oferta reune futbol, tenis, baloncesto, eSports y numerosas disciplinas adicionales, junto con mercados previos a los eventos, opciones live y herramientas propias de la plataforma. El servicio puede utilizarse desde ordenador y movil, mientras que la seccion bancaria incorpora Visa, MasterCard, PayPal, Skrill, NETELLER, Apple Pay, Paysafecard y Bizum para depositos, sujetos a sus respectivas condiciones.</p>
 
<p>Antes del alta conviene verificar la promocion mostrada ese mismo dia en 888sport.es. Actualmente, la pagina oficial anuncia una bienvenida formada por 10 € en free bets y una segunda ventaja de hasta 100 € vinculada a la primera apuesta con dinero real. Los terminos, las fechas y la disponibilidad futura pueden cambiar, por lo que la informacion publicada por el propio operador debe ser siempre la referencia final.</p>
 
<p>En conjunto, la propuesta de 888sport se apoya en su licencia espanola, su cobertura multideporte y la posibilidad de apostar tanto antes como durante determinados eventos. La clave esta en revisar siempre las cuotas, las reglas del mercado y las condiciones bancarias antes de confirmar una operacion. Servicio destinado exclusivamente a mayores de edad. El juego debe mantenerse como entretenimiento y nunca como una fuente garantizada de ingresos.</p>

Does you Hattor take single or dual op amps per channel? The duals run $79 each and the singles about half as much.

Quote from: P.I. on August 18, 2026, 11:45:06 AM

Quote from: Jack on August 13, 2026, 11:27:12 PMWell it seems to me that since you want resolution, the Kozmo volume control and don't want to spend $5k your best bet is to stick with the combination you are using now.  As to rolling op amps the "warmest" sounding ones I am aware of are the Sparkos and were when I had a pair of amps that you could roll op amps in.  Another option is to try the Schitt tube buffer from Amazon for $119.00. If you don't like what it does then send it back.  A quality one like the one from Modwright is a whole lot more.

I have a Khozmo with the 64 step ladder attenuator with AMRG resistors.  I replaced the Staccato op amp with a Sparkos Dual Pro op amp.  The Sparkos is considerably more open and dynamic than the Staccato.  Fast, detailed without any form of glare.  I've tried others: Burson; Orange and stacked versions of ROTM commercial versions.  The Sparkos Pro is the best I've heard so far.

I sure enjoy my Hattor Big. Same 64 step, AMRG resisters, but New ClassD opamps. Have you tried these? I haven't tried any others

Quote from: ejk link=msg=115494 date=1787069681 :thumb:  :thumb:   
After a few weeks this is how I have settled my setup with the Uber Buss. Preamp and Pass labs into Uber and the Orchard amps into the Puritan Labs. The only amps I have not tried in the Uber are my Quicksilver Mid Mono tube amps since they share the same power cords as the Orchard mono amps.

Glad you have that all dialed in 👍

Quote from: steve on August 18, 2026, 08:25:32 PM

Quote from: Nick B on August 17, 2026, 09:01:06 PM

Quote from: steve on August 17, 2026, 03:35:32 PM

Quote from: Nick B on August 17, 2026, 02:01:12 PM

Quote from: steve on August 17, 2026, 09:09:27 AM

Quote from: Nick B on July 15, 2026, 09:05:27 PM

Quote from: steve on July 15, 2026, 03:57:38 PMOne other point that needs mentioning is the use of UL mode.
UL operation can be used in both A, A2, AB1, AB2, and B. I have
never seen UL used in Class C as distortion is extremely high,
thus not necessary.

Output power of UL operation is similar to Pentode/Tetrode mode,
which is very generally around twice the output power of Triode mode.

Frequency response is different from triode mode (which is also different
than both Pentode/Tetrode mode) as the screen of the tube is connected
to a portion of the output transformer primary, so some negative feedback
etc. As a result, the damping factor is increased a little.

Cheers

steve

Hi Steve,

I have only owned a couple of tube amps and I can only recall for sure that my VAC 90 monos allowed the option to switch to UL. That was so long ago and my system was so simple without using any products to control noise, that I don't recall if I preferred one or the other.

Nick

I think most prefer triode mode over UL. UL does fill in the lower midrange/upper bass
vs triode and controls the highs more, appearing as less. If too much lower
midrange/upper bass, one can use a smaller speaker cable.

I use 11 wires in parallel in each leg, so it is simple for me to remove just one
wire to thin the lower midrange just a little for more like triode mode.

The highs are a different story in that fewer parallel speaker wires will mean a
little higher inductive reactance in the highs, thus reducing the highs.
Of course, with a single, large speaker wire, adjustment is prevented.

cheers

steve

Hi Steve,

Quite interesting that you use 11 wires in parallel and that you can fine tune the sound by easily disconnecting one or more of the wires.

Nick

Yes. Anyone with multiple parallel speaker wires can test and find out if more
or fewer wires gives optimal reproduction.

The impedance is minimum near lower midrange/upper bass. A change in dc resistance
will affect this band more than higher frequencies on that particular driver. Kinda
changes the slope of the frequency response.

If one uses a 3 way speaker, two crossovers, there could be another range of
frequencies at the 2nd crossover where an impedance dip occurs, where the sound
will also be affected more than other higher frequencies.

I use a two way, so basically at just the one crossover is where the majority
of sonic change occurs.

Cheers

steve

Thanks for that, Steve. Not easy designing quality equipment. I currently have a 2 way, the JMR Voce Rande, and it's probably the best speaker I've ever owned. The only 3 way I ever owned was the Shahinian Diapason. A classic speaker from many years ago. My next speaker might be a 3 way.
Nick

Got to thinking and anyone could perform an experiment with their single red and black
speaker wire by paralleling a wire across the red and the black speaker wire.
That would basically halve the inductive reactance of the speaker wire.

Can't hurt anything performing such. 

steve

Been there.  Done that.

Quote from: Nick B on August 17, 2026, 09:01:06 PM

Quote from: steve on August 17, 2026, 03:35:32 PM

Quote from: Nick B on August 17, 2026, 02:01:12 PM

Quote from: steve on August 17, 2026, 09:09:27 AM

Quote from: Nick B on July 15, 2026, 09:05:27 PM

Quote from: steve on July 15, 2026, 03:57:38 PMOne other point that needs mentioning is the use of UL mode.
UL operation can be used in both A, A2, AB1, AB2, and B. I have
never seen UL used in Class C as distortion is extremely high,
thus not necessary.

Output power of UL operation is similar to Pentode/Tetrode mode,
which is very generally around twice the output power of Triode mode.

Frequency response is different from triode mode (which is also different
than both Pentode/Tetrode mode) as the screen of the tube is connected
to a portion of the output transformer primary, so some negative feedback
etc. As a result, the damping factor is increased a little.

Cheers

steve

Hi Steve,

I have only owned a couple of tube amps and I can only recall for sure that my VAC 90 monos allowed the option to switch to UL. That was so long ago and my system was so simple without using any products to control noise, that I don't recall if I preferred one or the other.

Nick

I think most prefer triode mode over UL. UL does fill in the lower midrange/upper bass
vs triode and controls the highs more, appearing as less. If too much lower
midrange/upper bass, one can use a smaller speaker cable.

I use 11 wires in parallel in each leg, so it is simple for me to remove just one
wire to thin the lower midrange just a little for more like triode mode.

The highs are a different story in that fewer parallel speaker wires will mean a
little higher inductive reactance in the highs, thus reducing the highs.
Of course, with a single, large speaker wire, adjustment is prevented.

cheers

steve

Hi Steve,

Quite interesting that you use 11 wires in parallel and that you can fine tune the sound by easily disconnecting one or more of the wires.

Nick

Yes. Anyone with multiple parallel speaker wires can test and find out if more
or fewer wires gives optimal reproduction.

The impedance is minimum near lower midrange/upper bass. A change in dc resistance
will affect this band more than higher frequencies on that particular driver. Kinda
changes the slope of the frequency response.

If one uses a 3 way speaker, two crossovers, there could be another range of
frequencies at the 2nd crossover where an impedance dip occurs, where the sound
will also be affected more than other higher frequencies.

I use a two way, so basically at just the one crossover is where the majority
of sonic change occurs.

Cheers

steve

Thanks for that, Steve. Not easy designing quality equipment. I currently have a 2 way, the JMR Voce Rande, and it's probably the best speaker I've ever owned. The only 3 way I ever owned was the Shahinian Diapason. A classic speaker from many years ago. My next speaker might be a 3 way.
Nick

Got to thinking and anyone could perform an experiment with their single red and black
speaker wire by paralleling a wire across the red and the black speaker wire.
That would basically halve the inductive reactance of the speaker wire.

Can't hurt anything performing such. 

steve

Frank Beard... died in hospice care at his Top 40 Ranch in Texas.

First Dusty, now Frank. 🙁